Whole systems thinking represents a paradigm shift in design philosophy, emphasising the intricate relationships among components within a system.

At its core, whole systems thinking advocates viewing designs not in isolation but as integral parts of a larger ecological and social tapestry. By embracing rudimentary concepts like feedback loops, emergent properties and holistic perspectives, whole systems thinking encourages designers to consider the multifaceted impacts of their creations on both the environment and society. 

This methodology fosters an acute sense of interconnectedness, recognising that every design decision reverberates throughout the system. “It isn’t in conflict with traditional design methodologies, it’s more an additional layer of consideration of how the design can be refined and optimised to ensure nothing is wasted and everything can be repurposed as the use of the space evolves,” BVN senior practice director Belinda McGrath says.

An example of this would be a product designed with sustainable materials that not only reduces environmental impact but also influences consumer behaviour and industry standards. By prioritising sustainability at every stage of the design process, whole systems thinking cultivates robust solutions that align with the principles of a circular economy – where waste is minimised and resources are continually repurposed.

BVN digital fabrication lead for circular economies Chris Bickerton adds: “In tackling the ‘big problems’, we find that we need to take a whole systems approach by ensuring we have all the relevant parties at the table. The solution requires diversity of buy-in to really have an impact.”

Many industries have successfully implemented this approach, illustrating its versatility and efficiency. In the fashion sector, some brands have adopted a closed-loop system where garments are designed for durability and recyclability to reduce textile waste, rejecting the practice of ‘fast fashion’. Innovative projects have also emerged in the architectural realm using renewable materials and energy-efficient designs that significantly reduce their carbon footprint.

These examples show how whole systems thinking not only enhances individual projects but also contributes to a broader cultural shift towards sustainability. By fostering an ethos of interconnectedness, this approach lays the groundwork for a more sustainable future, one that blends human ingenuity with the planet’s ecological balance.

“Interconnectedness is enhanced by understanding the existing life of the material, where it’s sourced from – whether new or re-used – and the future life of it. It requires a light touch on the use and install of the material balanced against a rigger in considering purpose, longevity and use,” McGrath remarks.

Technology as an enabler

In an era increasingly defined by environmental consciousness, technology emerges as a pivotal enabler of circularity, prompting transformative shifts in design and production practices. The integration of advanced technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain signifies a new stage in circular design, where resources are perpetually circulated, minimising waste while enhancing sustainability.

Bickerton asserts that circularity is as much a logistic challenge as it is a design challenge when working with existing assets. As designers, it is tremendously useful to have access to datasets created through the IoT, as well as information about the previous lives of all building elements.

“Blockchain seems like it might be an important part of the solution,” Bickerton states.“If we’re to expand circularity beyond reused furniture systems, we need to work towards creating whole building inventories.  Tech will be the enabler for this.”

AI plays a critical role in optimising resource allocation and identifying opportunities for remanufacturing and recycling. With data analytics, AI systems can predict material lifecycles and enable businesses to design products that are easier to disassemble and repurpose. The IoT, with its interconnected devices, facilitates real-time monitoring of products throughout their lifecycle, providing insights that promote efficient usage and maintenance, thereby prolonging their utility.

Platforms like Loop and TerraCycle use digital tools to streamline recycling processes that make it easier for consumers to engage in sustainable practices. Blockchain technology enhances supply chain transparency by creating immutable records of product provenance, enabling stakeholders to trace materials from origin to end-of-life. Translated, this means improved visibility in supply chains through the creation of permanent and unchangeable records of products’ origins and how they move through the supply chain. 

Each step in the journey of a product – from raw materials to the final consumer – can be tracked and verified. This allows all parties involved, such as manufacturers, retailers and consumers, to see the entire history of a product, ensuring materials are sourced responsibly and used sustainably throughout their lifecycle. This process fosters trust and accountability among stakeholders, promoting better recycling and responsible practices.

The impact of these digital tools extends to supply chain dynamics, resulting in unprecedented levels of transparency and resource tracking. They can embed circular principles into the core of a business model by monitoring resource flows, assessing material viability and adjusting operations. The convergence of these technologies not only promotes environmental stewardship but also cultivates an economy within which sustainability and innovation can coexist.

Whole systems design into the future

As we gaze toward the horizon of design, whole systems thinking is poised to redefine our interaction with the environment and embed permanent societal transformations. This paradigm shift will stimulate a holistic perspective that integrates scientific material advancements, innovations in product lifecycle management and evolving consumer behaviours that collectively champion circularity.

Emerging trends in materials, such as the development of biodegradable composites and upcycled materials, promise to minimise waste and enhance sustainability. Coupled with sophisticated product lifecycle management systems, these innovations facilitate a seamless transition from linear to circular economies, allowing products to be designed for longevity and reusability.

Experts in the field are also seeing a growing consumer consciousness that is reshaping market dynamics. Increasingly, people are seeking transparency and sustainability in the brands they choose, prioritising those that embody ethical practices. This shift signals a societal demand for responsible design, compelling manufacturers to adapt and innovate.

To cultivate this cultural evolution, education and awareness are vital. By integrating sustainability into curricula and promoting public engagement, a generation attuned to the principles of circular design can be fostered. This collective understanding will empower individuals to make informed choices and inspire a collaborative commitment to sustainable practices. 

“The understanding of the ‘value of the existing’ is rapidly changing,” McGrath observes. “What was once considered a budget solution of re-use is now highly considered as robust design that reflects the past and celebrates the future. We’ve had clients get so engaged that they have become massive advocates of sourcing local and through First Nation Supply chains.”

In this intricate tapestry of design, society stands to gain ecological resilience leading to an enriched quality of life, as we balance our aspirations with the planet’s wellbeing.

Lead image by Tom Roe.

This article originally appeared in issue 120 of inside magazine. Grab your copy here.